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Kierkegaard, the Spirit of Time and the Individual: Implications for Clinical Psychology
Myriam Moira Protasio,
Ana Maria Lopez Calvo de Feijoo,
Elisabete Marques de Sousa
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
84-90
Received:
8 May 2018
Accepted:
2 July 2018
Published:
26 July 2018
Abstract: The aim is to analyze how Søren Kierkegaard, by the voice of his pseudonym “A”, in the chapter the tragic in ancient drama reflected in the tragic in modern drama from Either-Or. Part I, discusses time and the individual, namely by contrasting Zeitgeist, as the spirit of time, and Zeitgeist, as the spirit in time in his presentation of two existential situations of Antigone, namely, the modern character he creates and the Greek character. Kierkegaard claims that the lamentations of the modern Antigone show less sorrow but more pain than the classical Antigone. This difference allows him to posit modern spirit as ready for reflection and in tension with the ancient spirit which is more prone to action. Hence, the tension between the ancient tragic and the modern tragic keeps the universal character without abandoning the individual and, thus, brings to light the individual in history, and this is exactly what is enhanced in this article as of great interest for psychologists, in particular, in clinical existential practice. After an introduction mapping the question, there follow 4 sections focused on the spirit of time, the tragic, Antigone, and Antigone and the spirit of time; and, finally, section 5 presenta the final conclusions, focusing on the relevance of the discussion of the idea of the spirit of the time, and of Kierkegaard’s questioning of this idea, for psychology.
Abstract: The aim is to analyze how Søren Kierkegaard, by the voice of his pseudonym “A”, in the chapter the tragic in ancient drama reflected in the tragic in modern drama from Either-Or. Part I, discusses time and the individual, namely by contrasting Zeitgeist, as the spirit of time, and Zeitgeist, as the spirit in time in his presentation of two existent...
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Evaluation of the Medical and Health System Reform in China: Based on the Fuzz Comprehensive Evaluation Method
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
91-96
Received:
15 May 2018
Accepted:
6 July 2018
Published:
1 August 2018
Abstract: This paper aims to explore the application of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in the evaluation of the medical and health system reform by establishing an evaluation index system. Index weights were determined by means of factor analysis and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), while fuzzy membership functions were used to determine the subordination grades of the evaluated objects on different indexes. Based on that, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation results and comprehensive scores of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in different subordination levels in China were obtained by constructing Multi-level Comprehensive Evaluation Model. The results indicated that the effect of the reform of the medical and health system was relevant to local economic development level to some extent, while both commonalities and differences exist in the results of comprehensive evaluation performance among different regions. To improve the performance of the medical and health system, practical and feasible reform measures need to be put forward based on local realities.
Abstract: This paper aims to explore the application of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method in the evaluation of the medical and health system reform by establishing an evaluation index system. Index weights were determined by means of factor analysis and analytic hierarchy process (AHP), while fuzzy membership functions were used to determine the subo...
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Influence of Environmental Factors and Socioeconomic Status of Parents on the Occurrence of Under-Five Diarrhea Disease Among Selected Households in Abia State, Nigeria
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
97-104
Received:
15 May 2018
Accepted:
7 June 2018
Published:
16 August 2018
Abstract: Diarrhea diseases are widely recognized as a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in many developing countries in children under five years of age. This study examined the influences of socioeconomic status of parents and environmental factors on the occurrence of under five diarrhea disease among selected households in Abia State. Six (6) L.G.A were randomly sampled and 3,000 households were selected for the study through multistage sampling technique. A well structured questionnaire was use to collect relevant data regarding respondent socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge of diarrhea disease, sign and symptoms, causes of diarrhea, Child’s exposure to diarrhea within the past three months as well as the environmental factors of diarrhea. Data collected were analyzed using percentage and chi-square (x2). Almost all the respondents (99.3%) claimed to have knowledge of diarrhea disease. The main source of information/awareness was the health center (26.7%), while the least was newspaper/magazine, (2.5%). Frequent watery stool was the common sign/symptom while contaminated food (7.7%) and bad water (4.8%) were the common causes of diarrhea. About 74.8% of the respondent attested that they have experienced diarrhea on their children less than five years with the major occurrence within 0-10months (26.8%), more especially among the boys (52.3%). Contaminated water and food (23.3%) and dirty and bushy surroundings (21.0%) were the major environmental factors associated with diarrhea occurrence. Financial status of caregivers/parents, low educational level and inadequate knowledge about diarrhea, as well as some environmental factors like contaminated water and food, dusty and bushy surrounding, poor toilet facility, improper refuse disposal and animals sheltered in household were found to significantly influence the occurrence of diarrhea disease among under-five children. Conclusively, it was recommended that the households including mothers must be well informed about the importance of employing good hygiene practices, the importance of using good hygiene practices regarding water, sanitation and food preparation to reduce/control diarrhea diseases. Furthermore, health intervention programs, to include exclusive breastfeeding and maternal hygiene education should be strengthened in order to reduce the morbidity and mortality of diarrhea disease.
Abstract: Diarrhea diseases are widely recognized as a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in many developing countries in children under five years of age. This study examined the influences of socioeconomic status of parents and environmental factors on the occurrence of under five diarrhea disease among selected households in Abia State. Six ...
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Spatial Assessment of Hygiene and Sanitation Facilities of Unregulated Premises in Traditional Settlement of Ilorin Metropolis, Kwara State, Nigeria
Adiama Babatunde Yusuf,
Henry Olawale Sawyerr,
Alabede Iyabo Mubarakat,
Habeeb Modupe Lateefat,
Shehu Usman Mohammmed,
Yusuf Olarewaju Rauf
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
105-112
Received:
14 May 2018
Accepted:
23 July 2018
Published:
18 August 2018
Abstract: Housing is one of the most important basic necessities of mankind which is known to tremendously affect human health and well-being. Water and sanitation projects are synergistic in producing health effects. The WHO estimates that 5.5% of the global disease burden is due to inadequate water and sanitation, while the duo is believed to be responsible for 88% of the 4 billion diarrheal cases, and the resultant 1.8 million deaths. This study examined the state of sanitation facilities and hygiene in traditional settlement of Ilorin community in Kwara state, Nigeria. The study was based on cross sectional descriptive design involving household head in core Ilorin metropolis. A semi-structured questionnaires and Observational checklist were distributed to three hundred and thirty (330) randomly selected household heads. The data was analyzed for descriptive and inferential at 5% level of significant. Informed consent was obtained. The mean age of respondents were 48 ± 11.77years. Majority (42.7%) of respondents occupied tenement type and 20% occupied traditional compound. Most (68.5%) of respondents had sanitation facilities but only (35.4%) were hygienic. Almost (92.1%) of respondents experienced malaria and 77.7% also reported to have experienced cholera as health hazard associated with insanitary housing. Findings from this study indicated that family size, inspection of premises in the last one month, average monthly income and level of education influenced the sanitary status among the respondents (p<0.05). The availability of sanitation facility in the study area was appreciably high 68.5% but not hygienic.
Abstract: Housing is one of the most important basic necessities of mankind which is known to tremendously affect human health and well-being. Water and sanitation projects are synergistic in producing health effects. The WHO estimates that 5.5% of the global disease burden is due to inadequate water and sanitation, while the duo is believed to be responsibl...
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Indoor Airborne Microbial Load of Selected Offices in a Tertiary Institution in South-Western Nigeria
Akindele Oluwakemi Omolola,
Ana Godson Rowland,
Uchendu Obioma Chukwudi,
Fakunle Adekunle Gregory,
Bello Temilade Basirat
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 3, September 2018
Pages:
113-118
Received:
24 July 2018
Accepted:
7 August 2018
Published:
3 September 2018
Abstract: Indoor air quality (IAQ) has been identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as one of the most urgent top five environmental risks to public health. Numerous studies have documented that sick building syndrome (SBS) is surprisingly common even in buildings without widespread complaints and its relationship with hypersensitivity disease are often associated with exposure to high concentration of airborne microbial organisms. To contribute to knowledge on IAQ, this study evaluates the levels and composition of bacterial and fungal contamination of different offices in a tertiary institution in South-western Nigeria. A cross sectional design was used to compare the indoor airborne microbial load of three categories of offices within the institution premises: the central administrative (CA), academic (AC) and work and maintenance (W&M) offices. Indoor temperature (ºC) and relative humidity (%) of the respective offices were measured using a 5-in-1 multi-tester N21FR made in China and categorized into comfort and high levels. Air samples were collected using a TE-10-890 Andersen single stage microbial air sampler and the total counts per cubic metre were compared with the American Industrial Hygiene Association guideline (AIHA). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, Spearman’s rank correlation and regression analysis. Offices in CA recorded the highest mean indoor Total Bacteria Count (TBC) of 22.6 ± 12.2cfu/m3 as compared to W&M (18.3 ± 10.4cfu/m3) and AC (15.6 ± 8.4cfu/m3) p<0.05. However, AC offices recorded the highest mean Total Fungi Count (TFC) of 3.6 ± 2.3cfu/m3 as compared to CA (3.5 ± 1.7cfu/m3) and W&M (3.3 ± 2.1cfu/m3) p>0.05. The indoor TBC and TFC of the categories of offices were found to be lower than the AIHA guideline limit. The number of persons at the point of sampling was found to significantly predict the level of indoor TBC, p<0.01. The most isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp. and Micrococcus spp., whereas Cladosporium spp., Aspergillus spp. were the most abundant fungi isolates. The present study implicated population as a major source of microbial contamination in the office environment. Adequate knowledge about indoor air quality in terms of microbial contamination and its implication on health should be provided to staff of the institution in the hierarchy of control measures to mitigate the levels of indoor airborne microorganisms.
Abstract: Indoor air quality (IAQ) has been identified by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as one of the most urgent top five environmental risks to public health. Numerous studies have documented that sick building syndrome (SBS) is surprisingly common even in buildings without widespread complaints and its relationship with hypersensitivity diseas...
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