Seasonal Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Shendi Town, River Nile State, Sudan

Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal; Basheer Mohammed El hassan; Ahmed Mohammed Hussein

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17

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Seasonal Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Shendi Town, River Nile State, Sudan

Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal, Basheer Mohammed El hassan, Ahmed Mohammed Hussein

Published in Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 7, Issue 3)

Received: 18 August 2021 Accepted: 2 September 2021 Published: 15 September 2021

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Abstract

The most common and widespread health risk associated with drinking water is microbial contamination which has the potential to cause large outbreaks of waterborne diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the bacteriological quality of drinking water in Shendi Town. A descriptive analytic study was used to examine the bacteriological quality of drinking water from sources, the distribution system, and household containers, Water samples were collected per season from all sources that used directly for drinking purpose in the community at study area according to the WHO Guidelines for drinking water quality. Water samples were examined for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli by using (lauryl treptose media, brilliant green bile broth and peptone water (BGB), and Earthen methylene blue (EMB)) methods respectively. The study revealed that the bacteriological quality of drinking water varied from one season to another, where 31.3% of tested samples indicated feacal pollution in the summer season, and 41.3% of samples pointed to E. coli bacteria presence in autumn, While 36.3% of samples were appeared E. coli positive in the winter season. Based on the findings of this study we recommend that: Civil Water Corporation should be improvement the quality of currently drinking water by subjecting it to treatment processes, and must be established a surface drinking water treatment plant as soon as possible.

Published in	Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17
Page(s)	162-168
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Water Quality, Coliform Bacteria, Season Change, Pollution, Shendi Town, Indicator, Fecal Contamination

References

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APA Style

Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal, Basheer Mohammed El hassan, Ahmed Mohammed Hussein. (2021). Seasonal Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Shendi Town, River Nile State, Sudan. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 7(3), 162-168. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17

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ACS Style

Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal; Basheer Mohammed El hassan; Ahmed Mohammed Hussein. Seasonal Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Shendi Town, River Nile State, Sudan. J. Health Environ. Res. 2021, 7(3), 162-168. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17

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AMA Style

Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal, Basheer Mohammed El hassan, Ahmed Mohammed Hussein. Seasonal Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Shendi Town, River Nile State, Sudan. J Health Environ Res. 2021;7(3):162-168. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17

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@article{10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17,
  author = {Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal and Basheer Mohammed El hassan and Ahmed Mohammed Hussein},
  title = {Seasonal Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Shendi Town, River Nile State, Sudan},
  journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {162-168},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20210703.17},
  abstract = {The most common and widespread health risk associated with drinking water is microbial contamination which has the potential to cause large outbreaks of waterborne diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the bacteriological quality of drinking water in Shendi Town. A descriptive analytic study was used to examine the bacteriological quality of drinking water from sources, the distribution system, and household containers, Water samples were collected per season from all sources that used directly for drinking purpose in the community at study area according to the WHO Guidelines for drinking water quality. Water samples were examined for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli by using (lauryl treptose media, brilliant green bile broth and peptone water (BGB), and Earthen methylene blue (EMB)) methods respectively. The study revealed that the bacteriological quality of drinking water varied from one season to another, where 31.3% of tested samples indicated feacal pollution in the summer season, and 41.3% of samples pointed to E. coli bacteria presence in autumn, While 36.3% of samples were appeared E. coli positive in the winter season. Based on the findings of this study we recommend that: Civil Water Corporation should be improvement the quality of currently drinking water by subjecting it to treatment processes, and must be established a surface drinking water treatment plant as soon as possible.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Seasonal Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Shendi Town, River Nile State, Sudan
AU  - Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal
AU  - Basheer Mohammed El hassan
AU  - Ahmed Mohammed Hussein
Y1  - 2021/09/15
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17
T2  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
SP  - 162
EP  - 168
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3592
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17
AB  - The most common and widespread health risk associated with drinking water is microbial contamination which has the potential to cause large outbreaks of waterborne diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the bacteriological quality of drinking water in Shendi Town. A descriptive analytic study was used to examine the bacteriological quality of drinking water from sources, the distribution system, and household containers, Water samples were collected per season from all sources that used directly for drinking purpose in the community at study area according to the WHO Guidelines for drinking water quality. Water samples were examined for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli by using (lauryl treptose media, brilliant green bile broth and peptone water (BGB), and Earthen methylene blue (EMB)) methods respectively. The study revealed that the bacteriological quality of drinking water varied from one season to another, where 31.3% of tested samples indicated feacal pollution in the summer season, and 41.3% of samples pointed to E. coli bacteria presence in autumn, While 36.3% of samples were appeared E. coli positive in the winter season. Based on the findings of this study we recommend that: Civil Water Corporation should be improvement the quality of currently drinking water by subjecting it to treatment processes, and must be established a surface drinking water treatment plant as soon as possible.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal

Public Health Department, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Basheer Mohammed El hassan

Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
Ahmed Mohammed Hussein

Public Health Department, College of Health Sciences, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal, Basheer Mohammed El hassan, Ahmed Mohammed Hussein. (2021). Seasonal Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Shendi Town, River Nile State, Sudan. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 7(3), 162-168. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17

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ACS Style

Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal; Basheer Mohammed El hassan; Ahmed Mohammed Hussein. Seasonal Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Shendi Town, River Nile State, Sudan. J. Health Environ. Res. 2021, 7(3), 162-168. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17

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AMA Style

Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal, Basheer Mohammed El hassan, Ahmed Mohammed Hussein. Seasonal Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Shendi Town, River Nile State, Sudan. J Health Environ Res. 2021;7(3):162-168. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17,
  author = {Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal and Basheer Mohammed El hassan and Ahmed Mohammed Hussein},
  title = {Seasonal Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Shendi Town, River Nile State, Sudan},
  journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {162-168},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20210703.17},
  abstract = {The most common and widespread health risk associated with drinking water is microbial contamination which has the potential to cause large outbreaks of waterborne diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the bacteriological quality of drinking water in Shendi Town. A descriptive analytic study was used to examine the bacteriological quality of drinking water from sources, the distribution system, and household containers, Water samples were collected per season from all sources that used directly for drinking purpose in the community at study area according to the WHO Guidelines for drinking water quality. Water samples were examined for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli by using (lauryl treptose media, brilliant green bile broth and peptone water (BGB), and Earthen methylene blue (EMB)) methods respectively. The study revealed that the bacteriological quality of drinking water varied from one season to another, where 31.3% of tested samples indicated feacal pollution in the summer season, and 41.3% of samples pointed to E. coli bacteria presence in autumn, While 36.3% of samples were appeared E. coli positive in the winter season. Based on the findings of this study we recommend that: Civil Water Corporation should be improvement the quality of currently drinking water by subjecting it to treatment processes, and must be established a surface drinking water treatment plant as soon as possible.},
 year = {2021}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Seasonal Microbial Quality of Drinking Water in Shendi Town, River Nile State, Sudan
AU  - Abdallah Ahmed Adam Belal
AU  - Basheer Mohammed El hassan
AU  - Ahmed Mohammed Hussein
Y1  - 2021/09/15
PY  - 2021
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17
DO  - 10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17
T2  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
SP  - 162
EP  - 168
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3592
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210703.17
AB  - The most common and widespread health risk associated with drinking water is microbial contamination which has the potential to cause large outbreaks of waterborne diseases. The objective of this study was to assess the bacteriological quality of drinking water in Shendi Town. A descriptive analytic study was used to examine the bacteriological quality of drinking water from sources, the distribution system, and household containers, Water samples were collected per season from all sources that used directly for drinking purpose in the community at study area according to the WHO Guidelines for drinking water quality. Water samples were examined for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, and E. coli by using (lauryl treptose media, brilliant green bile broth and peptone water (BGB), and Earthen methylene blue (EMB)) methods respectively. The study revealed that the bacteriological quality of drinking water varied from one season to another, where 31.3% of tested samples indicated feacal pollution in the summer season, and 41.3% of samples pointed to E. coli bacteria presence in autumn, While 36.3% of samples were appeared E. coli positive in the winter season. Based on the findings of this study we recommend that: Civil Water Corporation should be improvement the quality of currently drinking water by subjecting it to treatment processes, and must be established a surface drinking water treatment plant as soon as possible.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download