Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Parts of Port Harcourt Metropolis

Geraldine Okwy Ojukwu; Hycienth Ogunka Nwankwoala

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14

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Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Parts of Port Harcourt Metropolis

Geraldine Okwy Ojukwu, Hycienth Ogunka Nwankwoala

Published in Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 8, Issue 2)

Received: 14 March 2022 Accepted: 6 April 2022 Published: 29 April 2022

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Abstract

The quality of public water supply in Port Harcourt, Rivers State has come under scrutiny owing to the state of the facilities of the Port Harcourt Water Corporation (PHWC). Groundwater they supply were surveyed to determine the fitness for household utilization with respect to chemical quality. Physicochemical parameters were ascertained using standard protocols for water testing. The result disclosed that the values for temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, CI, NO₃^-, Fe, Na, Ca, Mg, HCO₃^-, SO₄²^-, total dissolved solid, Zn and turbidity varied from 26.2 - 28.3°C, 200 - 1000 µS/cm, 3.9 - 6.3 mg/L, 4 - 7.15, 7.1 - 710 mg/L, 1.7 - 40.01 mg/L, 0.0001 - 9.6 mg/L, 4.6 - 404 mg/L, 34.5 - 620 mg/L, 22 - 880 mg/L, 12 - 365 mg/L, 5 - 16.16 mg/L, 210 - 684 mg/L, 0.01 - 0.17 mg/L and 0.01 - 0.97 NTU respectively, with all values conforming to WHO and NSDWQ standards, except for pH, magnesium and iron. The water quality index (WQI) is as follows: Rumuola main Water station 28 (D), Eagle Island Water Station 25 (D), Borokiri Sandfill Water Station 34 (D), Diobu Water Station 42 (D), Earnest Ikoli Water Station 46 (D), GRA, Omerelu Street Overhead Tank 42 (D), Moscow Road Water Station 45 (D), Elelenwo Water Station 41 (D), Rumuokwurushi Water Station 40 (D) and Trans Amadi Water Station 51 (C). Improvement in facilities and water treatment ought to be given urgent attention, as the WQI for all but one water station were bad.

Published in	Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 8, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14
Page(s)	89-95
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Groundwater, Water Quality Index, Port Harcourt

References

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APA Style

Geraldine Okwy Ojukwu, Hycienth Ogunka Nwankwoala. (2022). Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Parts of Port Harcourt Metropolis. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 8(2), 89-95. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14

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ACS Style

Geraldine Okwy Ojukwu; Hycienth Ogunka Nwankwoala. Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Parts of Port Harcourt Metropolis. J. Health Environ. Res. 2022, 8(2), 89-95. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14

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AMA Style

Geraldine Okwy Ojukwu, Hycienth Ogunka Nwankwoala. Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Parts of Port Harcourt Metropolis. J Health Environ Res. 2022;8(2):89-95. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14

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@article{10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14,
  author = {Geraldine Okwy Ojukwu and Hycienth Ogunka Nwankwoala},
  title = {Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Parts of Port Harcourt Metropolis},
  journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {89-95},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20220802.14},
  abstract = {The quality of public water supply in Port Harcourt, Rivers State has come under scrutiny owing to the state of the facilities of the Port Harcourt Water Corporation (PHWC). Groundwater they supply were surveyed to determine the fitness for household utilization with respect to chemical quality. Physicochemical parameters were ascertained using standard protocols for water testing. The result disclosed that the values for temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, CI, NO3-, Fe, Na, Ca, Mg, HCO3-, SO4²-, total dissolved solid, Zn and turbidity varied from 26.2 - 28.3°C, 200 - 1000 µS/cm, 3.9 - 6.3 mg/L, 4 - 7.15, 7.1 - 710 mg/L, 1.7 - 40.01 mg/L, 0.0001 - 9.6 mg/L, 4.6 - 404 mg/L, 34.5 - 620 mg/L, 22 - 880 mg/L, 12 - 365 mg/L, 5 - 16.16 mg/L, 210 - 684 mg/L, 0.01 - 0.17 mg/L and 0.01 - 0.97 NTU respectively, with all values conforming to WHO and NSDWQ standards, except for pH, magnesium and iron. The water quality index (WQI) is as follows: Rumuola main Water station 28 (D), Eagle Island Water Station 25 (D), Borokiri Sandfill Water Station 34 (D), Diobu Water Station 42 (D), Earnest Ikoli Water Station 46 (D), GRA, Omerelu Street Overhead Tank 42 (D), Moscow Road Water Station 45 (D), Elelenwo Water Station 41 (D), Rumuokwurushi Water Station 40 (D) and Trans Amadi Water Station 51 (C). Improvement in facilities and water treatment ought to be given urgent attention, as the WQI for all but one water station were bad.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Parts of Port Harcourt Metropolis
AU  - Geraldine Okwy Ojukwu
AU  - Hycienth Ogunka Nwankwoala
Y1  - 2022/04/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14
T2  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
SP  - 89
EP  - 95
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3592
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14
AB  - The quality of public water supply in Port Harcourt, Rivers State has come under scrutiny owing to the state of the facilities of the Port Harcourt Water Corporation (PHWC). Groundwater they supply were surveyed to determine the fitness for household utilization with respect to chemical quality. Physicochemical parameters were ascertained using standard protocols for water testing. The result disclosed that the values for temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, CI, NO3-, Fe, Na, Ca, Mg, HCO3-, SO4²-, total dissolved solid, Zn and turbidity varied from 26.2 - 28.3°C, 200 - 1000 µS/cm, 3.9 - 6.3 mg/L, 4 - 7.15, 7.1 - 710 mg/L, 1.7 - 40.01 mg/L, 0.0001 - 9.6 mg/L, 4.6 - 404 mg/L, 34.5 - 620 mg/L, 22 - 880 mg/L, 12 - 365 mg/L, 5 - 16.16 mg/L, 210 - 684 mg/L, 0.01 - 0.17 mg/L and 0.01 - 0.97 NTU respectively, with all values conforming to WHO and NSDWQ standards, except for pH, magnesium and iron. The water quality index (WQI) is as follows: Rumuola main Water station 28 (D), Eagle Island Water Station 25 (D), Borokiri Sandfill Water Station 34 (D), Diobu Water Station 42 (D), Earnest Ikoli Water Station 46 (D), GRA, Omerelu Street Overhead Tank 42 (D), Moscow Road Water Station 45 (D), Elelenwo Water Station 41 (D), Rumuokwurushi Water Station 40 (D) and Trans Amadi Water Station 51 (C). Improvement in facilities and water treatment ought to be given urgent attention, as the WQI for all but one water station were bad.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Geraldine Okwy Ojukwu

Institute of Natural Resources, Environment and Sustainable Development, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Hycienth Ogunka Nwankwoala

Department of Geology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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APA Style

Geraldine Okwy Ojukwu, Hycienth Ogunka Nwankwoala. (2022). Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Parts of Port Harcourt Metropolis. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 8(2), 89-95. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14

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ACS Style

Geraldine Okwy Ojukwu; Hycienth Ogunka Nwankwoala. Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Parts of Port Harcourt Metropolis. J. Health Environ. Res. 2022, 8(2), 89-95. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14

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AMA Style

Geraldine Okwy Ojukwu, Hycienth Ogunka Nwankwoala. Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Parts of Port Harcourt Metropolis. J Health Environ Res. 2022;8(2):89-95. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14,
  author = {Geraldine Okwy Ojukwu and Hycienth Ogunka Nwankwoala},
  title = {Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Parts of Port Harcourt Metropolis},
  journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
  volume = {8},
  number = {2},
  pages = {89-95},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20220802.14},
  abstract = {The quality of public water supply in Port Harcourt, Rivers State has come under scrutiny owing to the state of the facilities of the Port Harcourt Water Corporation (PHWC). Groundwater they supply were surveyed to determine the fitness for household utilization with respect to chemical quality. Physicochemical parameters were ascertained using standard protocols for water testing. The result disclosed that the values for temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, CI, NO3-, Fe, Na, Ca, Mg, HCO3-, SO4²-, total dissolved solid, Zn and turbidity varied from 26.2 - 28.3°C, 200 - 1000 µS/cm, 3.9 - 6.3 mg/L, 4 - 7.15, 7.1 - 710 mg/L, 1.7 - 40.01 mg/L, 0.0001 - 9.6 mg/L, 4.6 - 404 mg/L, 34.5 - 620 mg/L, 22 - 880 mg/L, 12 - 365 mg/L, 5 - 16.16 mg/L, 210 - 684 mg/L, 0.01 - 0.17 mg/L and 0.01 - 0.97 NTU respectively, with all values conforming to WHO and NSDWQ standards, except for pH, magnesium and iron. The water quality index (WQI) is as follows: Rumuola main Water station 28 (D), Eagle Island Water Station 25 (D), Borokiri Sandfill Water Station 34 (D), Diobu Water Station 42 (D), Earnest Ikoli Water Station 46 (D), GRA, Omerelu Street Overhead Tank 42 (D), Moscow Road Water Station 45 (D), Elelenwo Water Station 41 (D), Rumuokwurushi Water Station 40 (D) and Trans Amadi Water Station 51 (C). Improvement in facilities and water treatment ought to be given urgent attention, as the WQI for all but one water station were bad.},
 year = {2022}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Groundwater Quality in Parts of Port Harcourt Metropolis
AU  - Geraldine Okwy Ojukwu
AU  - Hycienth Ogunka Nwankwoala
Y1  - 2022/04/29
PY  - 2022
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14
T2  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
SP  - 89
EP  - 95
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3592
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20220802.14
AB  - The quality of public water supply in Port Harcourt, Rivers State has come under scrutiny owing to the state of the facilities of the Port Harcourt Water Corporation (PHWC). Groundwater they supply were surveyed to determine the fitness for household utilization with respect to chemical quality. Physicochemical parameters were ascertained using standard protocols for water testing. The result disclosed that the values for temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, pH, CI, NO3-, Fe, Na, Ca, Mg, HCO3-, SO4²-, total dissolved solid, Zn and turbidity varied from 26.2 - 28.3°C, 200 - 1000 µS/cm, 3.9 - 6.3 mg/L, 4 - 7.15, 7.1 - 710 mg/L, 1.7 - 40.01 mg/L, 0.0001 - 9.6 mg/L, 4.6 - 404 mg/L, 34.5 - 620 mg/L, 22 - 880 mg/L, 12 - 365 mg/L, 5 - 16.16 mg/L, 210 - 684 mg/L, 0.01 - 0.17 mg/L and 0.01 - 0.97 NTU respectively, with all values conforming to WHO and NSDWQ standards, except for pH, magnesium and iron. The water quality index (WQI) is as follows: Rumuola main Water station 28 (D), Eagle Island Water Station 25 (D), Borokiri Sandfill Water Station 34 (D), Diobu Water Station 42 (D), Earnest Ikoli Water Station 46 (D), GRA, Omerelu Street Overhead Tank 42 (D), Moscow Road Water Station 45 (D), Elelenwo Water Station 41 (D), Rumuokwurushi Water Station 40 (D) and Trans Amadi Water Station 51 (C). Improvement in facilities and water treatment ought to be given urgent attention, as the WQI for all but one water station were bad.
VL  - 8
IS  - 2
ER  -

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